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Physiological effects of meteorological conditions on human
Meteorological conditions include physical factors are in relation to each other: temperature, humidity, air velocity, air pressure, rainfall readings of the geomagnetic field of the Earth.
Air temperature affects the heat transfer. During exercise prolonged stay in a strongly heated air accompanied by a rise in body temperature, heart rate acceleration, the weakening of the cardiovascular system, decreased attention, slow reaction rate, impaired accuracy and coordination, loss of appetite, fatigue, decrease in mental and physical performance. Low-temperature air, increasing the heat transfer, hypothermia poses a risk, the possibility of colds. Especially harmful to health, abrupt changes in temperature.
In the air constantly present water vapor. The degree of saturation of air with water vapor is called humidity. One and the same temperature depending on the humidity felt person differently.
To cold most sensitive lean people, they have reduced performance, appears in a bad mood, it may be depression. Obese people are harder to tolerate heat - experiencing dyspnea, palpitations, increased irritability. Blood pressure tends to drop on hot days, and rise in the cold, although about one in three in the heat, it increases and decreases in cold days. At low temperatures, the reaction is marked slowdown in diabetics on insulin.
For normal teplooschuscheniya great importance mobility and air flow direction of air. The most favorable air velocity in winter - 0.15 m / s, and in the summer - 0.2-0.3 m / s air moving at a speed of 0.15 m / s causes a person a feeling of freshness. Effect of wind on the condition of the body is connected not with his power.
When the wind changes of temperature, pressure, humidity, and these differences affect the health of people: there are melancholy, nervousness, headache, insomnia, fatigue, frequent angina.
Changing the electromagnetic field causes an exacerbation of cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders worse, there is irritability, fatigue, heavy head, a bad dream. On the effects of electromagnetic changes more responsive men, children and the elderly.
Lowering the oxygen in the environment occurs during the invasion of warm air mass, with high humidity and temperature, which causes a feeling of shortness of breath, wheezing, dizziness. Increased atmospheric pressure, and the increasing wind, cold worsen overall health, exacerbating cardiovascular disease.
Prevention of adverse effects of climate
Complex of physical factors determine the meteorological conditions (microclimate) production.
Microclimate indoor climatic conditions determined (Far North, Siberia, etc.) and the season of the year, depending on climatic factors outside atmosphere: temperature, humidity, air velocity, temperature and thermal radiation barriers that must be considered in the design, choice of building materials, fuels, heating, ventilation and mode of operation.
Major role in the thermal state of the body temperature plays, which have determined the health requirements of thermal comfort.
Creating artificial microclimate aimed at addressing the adverse climatic factors and the provision of certain thermal conditions corresponding to the zone of thermal comfort.
This is accomplished by installing systems and air-conditioning apparatus and heat, which can be local (furnace) or host (plant). The average surface temperature of the heaters (radiators) should be at least 60-70 ° C.
High humidity rooms (wet) can appear as a result of improper use of buildings - inadequate heating and ventilation, overcrowding, washing in a residential area.
Eliminate dampness in dwellings promotes more frequent airing and better heating.
Windows in rooms with high humidity should be available during the day to keep nezashtorennymi, thereby providing greater insolation premises.
Walls in wet areas should not be painted with oil paint as enhanced condensation.
Microclimate on the factory floor depends on the excess heat allocated technological equipment, and efficiency of air, carried out using natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation. Depending on the amount of heat distinction between "hot" plant in which it is 20 kcal (84 kJ) or more per 1 m2 / h, and "cold" shop, where heat is produced in smaller amounts.
Thermal equilibrium with the environment is supported by changes in the intensity of two processes - heat production and heat loss.
Regulation of heat occurs primarily at low temperatures. More universal for heat exchange with the environment has heat. With increasing temperature the main route of the heat output becomes evaporation.
Sweating leads to loss of fluids, salts and water-soluble vitamins.
Of heat radiation and high temperatures can cause the emergence of a number of pathological conditions: overheating, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, seizure disease, eye disease - professional heat cataract ("cataract glassblowers').
Prolonged exposure to the heating and especially radiation microclimate causes premature biological aging.
Local and general hypothermia is the cause perfrigeration, neuritis, myositis, radiculitis and diseases catarrhal nature.
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