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Combustion process and the types of combustion
Burning fast chemical process called oxidation or flammable substance compound and oxygen from the air, accompanied by the release of gas, heat and light.
It is well known without oxygen and the combustion air to produce heat and light. Thus, the combustion is not only a chemical reaction of a compound, but also the expansion.
Distinguish itself combustion, explosion and detonation. With proper combustion flame speed does not exceed tens of meters per second, the explosion - hundreds of meters per second, while the detonation - thousands of meters per second.
With the highest rate of combustion occurs in pure oxygen. With decreasing oxygen concentration combustion process slows down, the lowest rate of combustion in oxygen content in the air - 14-15%.
Needed for combustion combustible materials, oxidizing agent and a source of ignition.
In practice, distinguish complete and incomplete combustion. Complete combustion is achieved with sufficient oxygen and incomplete - with a lack of oxygen. When incomplete combustion, usually formed corrosive, toxic and explosive mixtures.
Combustion process in practice is discussed in terms ignite combustible material. Self-ignition (thermal explosion) occurs when the internal heating of combustible materials in chemical processes. Fire danger flammable substances characterized by the induction period, or self-ignition delay time. Ignition and combustion is important concentration of gases and vapors in air. Range burning and inflammation characterized by lower and upper explosive limit. They are the most important characteristic of the explosion of combustible materials.
The explosions of some gases, vapors and mixtures burning goes into a special form - a detonation.
Importance in a fire against a correct operation of electrical networks and devices.
Flammable and highly explosive objects (PVOO) - enterprises are produced, stored, transported explosive products, under certain conditions, acquire the ability to fire or explosion.
All building materials and construction are divided into three groups:
1) fireproof - are materials that when exposed to flame or high temperature non-flammable, not smoldering and charred;
2) it is difficult to combustible - are materials that when exposed to flame or high temperature hardly flammable, or charred and smoldering continue to burn in the presence of the fire source;
3) combustible - are materials that when exposed to flame or high temperature smolder or ignite and continue to burn and smolder after removal of the source of fire.
Organization and management of fire safety in the enterprise
Fire safety - the state of the object, which prevents the possibility of fire, and in case of its occurrence prevented impact on people of fire hazards and protected property. Fire safety system provides fire prevention and fire protection system. In all premises must be evacuation plan in case of fire.
Fire protection - a complex of organizational and technical measures aimed at ensuring the safety of people on fire prevention, restriction of its distribution, as well as to create conditions for effective fire extinguishing.
One of the most important tasks of fire protection is to protect the building from destruction premises and ensure they are strong enough in terms of exposure to high temperatures in a fire.
By means of extinguishing intended to localize small fires, firefighters are trunks, internal fire water mains, fire extinguishers, dry sand, asbestos blankets, etc.
One of the most important tasks of fire protection is to protect the building from destruction premises and ensure they are strong enough in terms of exposure to high temperatures in a fire.
In buildings, fire hydrants are installed in corridors, stairwells and platforms inputs. Water used to extinguish a fire in the premises of libraries and auxiliary premises.
To extinguish fires in the initial stages are widely used fire extinguishers. By type of extinguishing agent used fire extinguishers are divided into the following groups.
Foam fire extinguishers are used to extinguish burning liquids, different materials, structural elements and equipment, except electrical equipment under voltage. Gas fire extinguishers used for extinguishing liquid and solids, as well as electrical installations under tension.
Used and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, merit is high extinguishing efficiency, safety electronic equipment.
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