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Dust production and its impact on the human body
Industrial dust consists of solid particles suspended in the air. By origin, it can be natural and artificial, mineral and organic. Industrial dust, the nature of which depends on the composition, most often the cause of diseases. The finer dust particles, the longer they are suspended, penetrating into the smallest pores of the skin, bronchi and alveoli.
High risk of "dust" of disease observed in mining, metallurgy, machinery, building materials industry by inhalation of dust quartz, asbestos, coal and other solid, practically insoluble materials.
A special class of harmful substances is the so-called fibrogenic dust, long-term inhalation in the lungs which the most severe occupational diseases - chronic bronchitis and pneumoconiosis. Pneumoconiosis occur when prolonged inhalation of dust and characterized by different proliferation of connective tissue in the airway.
Depending on the type of respirable dust pneumoconiosis distinguish some species. Silicosis - develops during prolonged inhalation of dust containing free silica.
Dusts may contain silica, which is associated with the other elements - magnesium, calcium, iron, aluminum - and occurs during the manufacture and processing of silicates (asbestos, cement, talc, alumina). Inhalation of dusts some metals (beryllium, iron, aluminum, barium) develops metallokonioz.
Miners working on the excavation of coal and working concentrators by inhalation of coal dust develops anthracosis. When exposed to dust vegetable fibers (cotton), dust flour, grain, sugar cane, plastics may develop allergic bronchitis, agricultural dust alloy fungi - "Farm easy." With all of these occupational diseases patients a cough, shortness of breath, persistent changes in the lungs, chest pain, often leading to reduced efficiency and disability.
In the fight against the spread of dust formation and most effective technological measures. In the mining and coal industry introduction drilling water was an effective measure to combat the dusty air. In wet drilling dust at the time of formation of hydrated precipitates and does not enter the air. Of great importance is the use of local and general ventilation, personal protective equipment - dust mask.
Preventive hygienic measures to combat industrial dust varied and aimed at maximum reduction of particulate air pollution: conducting mechanization and automation of production, the organization of general and local ventilation, sealing of production equipment, the replacement of dry to wet methods. Necessary to carry out preliminary (at entry) and periodic medical examinations.
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