|
Hostel for students :: Talks, lectures
Tobacco smoke, the impact of tobacco smoke on human
Tobacco smoke contains about 400 components, 40 of which are carcinogenic effect, ie, the ability to cause cancer.
Of these the most famous nicotine - one of the most toxic chemicals from the group of alkaloids. Nicotine in tobacco refers to poisons that cause addiction first, and then a painful desire - substance abuse. A single dose of nicotine 0.08-0.16 g is lethal to humans. During the life of an adult smokes an average of 200 thousand cigarettes, which contains 800 g of nicotine equal to 10 thousand lethal doses. Since nicotine enters the body gradually and fractional doses, have habitual smoker acute symptoms of poisoning have been observed. First of all this poison the nervous system suffers - the central and autonomic.
Nicotine, narrowing the vessels of the brain and reducing their elasticity hinders blood flow to the brain, resulting in worsening of his power and as a consequence - headaches, dizziness, a feeling of heaviness in the head.
Tobacco smoke contains harmful substances: carbon monoxide, pyridine bases, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, styrene, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen, essential oils.
Inhalation of smoke containing combustion products of tobacco, reduces the oxygen content in the blood (hemoglobin loses the ability to attach oxygen) causes irritation of the bronchial mucosa, resulting in the subsequent chronic bronchitis and changes in the structure of the lung tissue. Lung function is weakened, the process of exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen difficult.
Ammonia irritates the mucous membranes of the mouth, nasal mucosa, trachea and bronchi, so smokers revealed looseness gums. Sores of the mouth, pharynx often inflamed, leading to frequent sore throats. In long-term consistent smoking is a narrowing of the glottis, there is hoarseness, lowered his voice, lost sonority.
Formed when smoking is another harmful substance - tobacco tar, resinous dark patina, settles in the lungs of the smoker. A man smokes a pack of cigarettes every day for a year absorbs 700-800 g tar.
Resinous substance tar carcinogens and promote lung cancer. Particularly dangerous and contained in the tar benzopropilen and radioactive isotopes: polonium-210, lead-210, bismuth-210, and polonium-210, getting to tobacco smoke in the body is stored in the bronchi and lungs, causing lung cancer. Accumulate in the liver and kidneys, radioactive isotopes have a toxic effect.
During the combustion of tobacco released carbon monoxide, with the property that bind respiratory pigment of blood - hemoglobin. This forms carboxyhemoglobin which can not carry oxygen, which leads to disruption of cell respiration.
Toxic products of tobacco combustion can penetrate into the milk of nursing mothers. In 1 liter of milk content of nicotine in smoking women can reach 0.5 mg, while the lethal dose - 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight of the child. Carbon monoxide, getting through the milk of smoking mothers in the child's body, causing tissue anoxia growing organism.
|
|
|
