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Hostel for students :: Talks, lectures
Requirements for coverage of premises and workplaces
Lighting is an important hygienic value. Important not just to illuminate the room or separate workplace and create lighting that would be consistent with the nature of the work performed. Inadequate lighting reduces efficiency and productivity, causing eye fatigue, promotes myopia increase of injury, leading to traffic accidents on the streets and roads. Lighting is natural, artificial and mixed.
Natural lighting is determined sunlight and diffuse light of the sky and varies depending on the latitude, altitude of the sun, cloud cover and atmospheric transparency. Natural light has a spectrum to which the human eye is most familiar.
Rules of natural lighting are set depending on the destination of the building and individual rooms. Best lighting facilities achieved walls and ceilings painted in bright colors, as well as periodic cleaning windows, pollution which leads to loss of 50% lumen maintenance. To assess the natural lighting is used the rate of natural light, showing how many times the illumination indoors than outdoor. In the middle zone in the most remote locations of windows natural light ratio should not be less than 2.5%, while in the northern latitudes - 2.9%. Optimal orientation of windows premises - south and south-east.
Artificial light sources are electric lamps. Quantitative characteristic is light, which is set in the range from 5 to 5000 lux, depending on the nature of the work.
There are two types of artificial lighting: general, in which the light is spread evenly throughout the room, and the combination produced lamps general and local lighting at a time and in a hygienic point of view is most appropriate. Work only if local coverage is not recommended, since, looking from a brightly lit surface dark surrounding objects, we create an additional strain on the eyes. Table lamp or other portable light is mounted directly in the workplace so that the light fell on her front on the left side, then the shadow of the hand will not overshadow the work.
In a table lamp or a sconce lamp shall be not less than 40-60 W for people with normal vision, and the elderly and those with weakened eyesight, better to buy a lamp power of 75-100 watts. Wattage lamps in general lighting is determined by the rate of 10-15 W per 1 m3 of floor space.
When using fluorescent lighting fixtures are not recommended with one lamp as the light pulses in such a lamp according to the change of voltage on the network. It is advisable to arrange general lighting using fluorescent lamps, and for local use incandescent.
Mixed lighting - including artificial (electric) light in addition to the daylight, which, where appropriate, entirely appropriate.
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