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Educational work :: Thematic class hours, reports, interviews
Let there be light!
Objectives of the event:
To acquaint students with the history of the light bulb, with different types of light bulbs; promote curiosity, respect for the work of scientists and inventors.
Form of:
Conversation.
Course of the event:
1. Introduction. The story about the coverage of cities, villages and houses 200 years ago.
2. Appeal to the "Internet" for information on sources of light:
a) A study of natural light sources and the first attempts to create artificial light sources (MV Lomonosov, VV Petrov, Zh.Delaryu, Zh.Fuko);
b) the creation and improvement of electric lamps (A.N.Lodygin, P.N.Yablochkov, T.Edison).
3. A story about the different types of electric lamps.
4. Film production of incandescent lamps.
5. Russian poets of the light sources (MV Lomonosov, P.P.Ershov, Kozma bars, Mayakovsky, ...).
Scenario of open homeroom
Theme: "Let there be light!"
Actors:
teacher
Students romantic 1
inquisitive 1
philosopher 2
poetry lovers 2
connoisseurs of art 2
expert on Internet 2
mistrustful 1
teacher:
Good morning, guys. Today, May 3. Look out the window: the sun shines. In the morning we wake up - light. Evening light until almost midnight.
But in the winter we almost do not notice the darkness, morning woke up - the lights, came home in the evening - and again illuminates "the sun under the ceiling."
And how people lived before the advent of electric lighting?
March 23, 1876 Russian scientist Pavel Yablochkov
received a patent for the invention of the electric arc lamp. Since then, it took about 140 years, and we are very used to it.
In our group of 35 people. We are all different. And, depending on their interests, we decided to study how electric lights appeared. All that the boys have learned today will tell you.
Look at the screen. Winter. Claus. Snow.
Imagine that you are seven years old. It's cold outside.
"Here I roll in a sledge
On steep mountain ... "
Romantic I remember:
But meanwhile the village too
Sun a long time,
Raise blizzard
the sky is dark ...
All you perezyabnesh,
sognesh hands,
and home quietly
reluctantly proverbial tata.
decrepit Shubenkov
Skinesh from the shoulders down,
Zabereshsya on the stove
To grandmother gray ..
In the corner, stooping,
Bast grandfather weaves,
Mother at the Spinning Wheel
Quietly spinning flax.
the house lights
Sooty svettsy ...
Winter evening lasts
Lasts without end.
teacher
So it was quite recently, only 200 years ago.
The song "Luchinushka" performed Chaliapin.
What are you, my Luchinushka, dimly burn,
What are you, my Luchinushka not flushing?
(folk song)
inquisitive
Where did you see this miracle, which lights our morning and evening?
Expert Internet - Hacker
Let's take a walk on the Internet. Maybe find the answer to this question! What, for example, is on the Internet under the name "Light"?
We go to the Internet and print information in the search word
"Light".
Portraits appear on the screen:
Mayakovsky, PP Ershov, M. Lomonosov, Kozma bars.
teacher
I wonder what the ratio of the light are these people?
Amateur poetry 1
I know poetry! They wrote poems about light.
Increase the on-screen portrait P.Ershova.
Amateur poetry 2
That's really it before the fire.
Field shines like the day;
Marvelous light shines round,
But not warm, not smoking.
(P.P.Ershov)
There is a picture with a feather of the Firebird.
Increase the on-screen portrait Lomonosov.
Amateur poetry 1
Opened an abyss, full of stars.
Number the stars no abyss bottom.
(Mikhail Lomonosov)
Increase the on-screen portrait of Mayakovsky.
Amateur poetry 2
Light always
Shine everywhere,
Until recent days stems.
Shine - and no nails!
That slogan - and my sun.
(Mayakovsky)
Increase the on-screen portrait Kozma Prutkov.
inquisitive
- If you ask what is more important - the Sun or the Month - responsible: Month. For the sun shines during the day, when and so light, and Month - night.
philosopher
But, on the other hand: the sun shines and warms. A month just shines. And then only on a moonlit night.
(Kozma bars)
Picture appears: Sun and the Moon.
romantic
Yes, very long illuminated our lives the sun, moon and stars. Yes, lightning, bringing light .. and fire.
expert Internet
Let's see what else is on the Internet about the lighting.
Printed on the Internet, "First Light"
Portraits appear on the screen:
Mikhail Lomonosov, VV Petrov, Zh.Delaryu, J. Foucault.
On the screen - an enlarged portrait of Lomonosov.
inquisitive
Again Lomonosov!
philosopher
Lomonosov not only wrote poetry. He was a researcher and practitioner.
He brought fire from heaven in his laboratory. And he said about his "Sermon on the phenomena of air from the electric force occurring."
On the screen - an enlarged portrait V. Petrov.
Expert technology 2.
After studying "The Word .." Lomonosov, Russian physicist Vasily Petrov in 1802 created an artificial lightning. The test was conducted in a large hall. When occurred between carbon electrodes discharge, all in a moment blind. And Peter himself exclaimed: "This light dark tranquility quite clearly can be illuminated!"
On the screen - an enlarged portrait Delarue.
Expert Technology 1.
In 1820, French physicist Delarue produced lamp with filament of platinum.
On the screen - an enlarged portrait Zh.Fuko.
Expert technology 2.
In 1844, French physicist Zh.Fuko tried to highlight one of the squares of Paris arc lamp.
teacher
But it was still only experiments. "Dark chambers" for a long time could not cover such a dangerous and rather expensive way. Again lamplighter lit every evening lights on the streets of big cities and small night plunged into darkness.
expert Internet
Let's look for information on the Internet under the name «LAMPA».
Portraits appear on the screen:
Lodygin, apple, Edison.
Expert Technology 1.
And at the end of 1 century was a breakthrough:
1874 - Alexander Lodygin created bulb.
Expert technology 2.
1876 - Peter N. Yablochkov constructed arc "candle
Yablochkov. "
Expert Technology 1.
1877 - "Russian light" illuminates Yablochkov Paris Avenue de L "Opera, other central cities in the world.
romantic
He wrote to friends: "From Paris electric lighting
spread throughout the world, reaching the palaces of the Shah
Persian and King of Cambodia. "
Expert technology 2.
1879 - Thomas Edison, performing in the company thousands of experiments examining about 6,000 different substances and compounds increased the lifetime of the filament lamp to the top of the twentieth century up to 1000 hours!
inquisitive
Mikhail Osipovich Dolivo - Dobrovolsky, lovely engineer and organizer, has created a three-phase AC generator, built a power line length of 170 km.
romantic
Young man Daniel Swarovski, marvel at the world exhibition in 1892 the achievements of electrical science, designed grinder and got lovely crystal glass, sparkling like diamonds.
incredulous 1
And then the generator and power lines? What are diamonds?
incredulous 2
We're talking about an ordinary light bulb!
romantic
But now, thanks to Swarovski crystals lamp shines and shimmers. Look: the Queen!
Appears on the screen of chandelier crystals.
inquisitive
And thanks to the generator and transmission lines, even in the Far North
Midst of crystal - White communities
On our old telegraph pole
Riding the insulators, owls sit
And in the face they look to you.
teacher
And how joyfully welcomed in the 30s of the last century the emergence of electric light not only in the countryside but also in the cities! The song you are about to hear, composed M.Isakovsky. But it has long been a popular:
Song sounds M.Isakovskogo:
***
Along the village, and from the hut to hut
Walked hurried pillars;
Roared, struck up the wires -
We had never seen this;
We is not met in a dream,
To the sun on a pine tree on fire,
To the joy of friendship with a man,
To everyone - star on the ceiling.
Sky pours, wind beats all patients
And in the village - palisades of the lights,
And in the village and the fun and beauty,
And envy village heaven.
romantic
A light shines brighter! All longer!
Appear on the screen names of inventors who designed and perfected various types of light bulbs.
teacher
Listen to what the guys have learned about our queen.
The story about the lamps.
Lamp changed quite at his advanced age - 140 years after official recognition. But not aged. (March 23, 1876 - issuance of a patent for the manufacture of "candles Yablochkov").
look:
1) That incandescent lamp 6W - but arc power
P = 6 W
2) That's normal bulb P = 75 W - but the arc power P = 80 W
3) That LN P = 500 W, 1000 W - but the mercury arc lamp
DRL P = 800 W (1 kW)
Each of them has its "+" and "-". You may have noticed that:
1) arc lamps have recently been larger
2) but in LN max possible efficiency 14%, and arc lamps, 60 - 80%
3) LN have even light, and arc flash at a frequency of 100 times / sec. This is harmful to the eyes, they are tired, so luminaires installed LL 2-3 lamps included in a special way.
In glass containers (flasks) arc lamp and bulb LN pumped various gases - and changing spectrum of light they emit. For example, the spectrum of the xenon lamp (Xe gas) is similar to the spectrum of sunlight. And in XRD spectrum does not warm colors (red and orange).
The common LN in a vacuum glass bulb. And Halogen - a drop of iodine. Due to the chemical reaction that takes place during burning lamps, tungsten filament lamp is reduced and much longer.
First electrodes of arc lamps were charcoal. Then, they were replaced with the coke, and then the metal. More transformations occurred with filament: first, it was platinum, then coal - from carbonized bamboo; of past complex chemical transformations cotton .... Now it is made of tungsten, which Tplavl = 33850S
inquisitive
What is this list on the screen?
Connoisseur of art 2 (explain)
These are the names of inventors who designed and perfected various types of light bulbs. Delarue, Lodygin, Edison developed the incandescent light bulb.
Expert Technology 1.
And Vasily Petrov, Foucault Yablochkov - arc lamp.
On this principle we have in the classroom fluorescent lights.
They have a glass tube coated with a special luminous composition.
inquisitive
And now look, as do electric lamps in factories.
Watch a movie on the manufacture of electric lamps. (FILM channel DISKOVERY).
teacher
Today we learned a lot about electric light. But certainly not all. It's impossible.
But I'd like to talk about another source of light.
Do you think that made scientists, which we talked about today - Lodygina, Yablochkova Edison Petrova; and those who do not have time to remember - English physicist Devi and Richman, who died while studying with Lomonosov properties lightning; American Dzhandusa, placed the lamp electrodes in a glass flask, Russians Didrihson brothers, designed to produce Lodygin bulb - for your money to study the strange phenomena, design, manufacture their own devices? Curiosity? Possible. Is it just curiosity? Thirst for glory, maybe? But I think it was another light source, which we discussed
Listen: (Danko ...)
Sounds an excerpt from the story of Gorky "Starukha."
Yes, Danko brought people from the dark forest to sunlight. What he lit the way for people?
- His warm heart.
I think their hearts as heart Danko, burning love for people.
Look again at the screen. Beautiful, is not it? This - our Gubkin, if
evening to look at it from the window of our college.
This beauty created hands of scientists, researchers, engineers, workers, develops, manufactures light sources.
Doused ...... wind, wait restlessly
And enjoy the beauty
Boundless steppes zaokonnoy,
Lights in the transparent darkness of night ...
These poems are written blind boy. He never saw the sun,
neither the city at night ... You can see this beauty ...
There are many different sources of light.
Sun, stars, fire, electric lamps ... They warm, provide comfort ..
Light thoughts, thirst for knowledge, the desire to know the nature of things in the end helps to make easier our life more beautiful.
What is the source of light is the best, the most important? How do you do maete?
I agree with you. It is the light of the heart, the soul. It illuminates life's path, helps in difficult times.
Let your life is illuminated with light: light bulbs, which we have learned so much today. Light thoughts. And let your soul light illuminates the road going near you.
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