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Educational work :: Thematic class hours, reports, interviews
Caring for the environment - health care
Methodical development of open homeroom "Caring for the environment - health care"
Recently a survey was conducted among students 1 and 2 of our college courses. They offer a list of environmental issues to indicate those in which they would like to understand.
That's what their preferences were:
1) global environmental issues - 19%
2) environmental problems of our city, region - 19%
3) a strategy for the survival of humanity, scientific predictions for the future - 50%
4) the salvation of the biosphere, environmental protection - 37%
5) how to preserve the health of a lifetime - 51%
6) a rule of conduct in nature - 10%
7) the possibility of individual protection against adverse environmental factors - 21%
8) how to ensure the health of children in the XXI century - 47%
9) Other - 2%
Theme preservation of health was the most popular. During the conversation, guys named health as critical values. But most believe big enough margin own organism and systematically do nothing to maintain and improve their health.
They are waiting ready, unobtrusive recipes.
First of all, it is useful to understand what affects health?
Scientists have found the relationship factors:
1. Lifestyle rights.
2. Heredity.
3. State of the environment.
4. Level of health and quality of health services.
The question arises: what factors and how can we manage it? Try to answer this question.
As already noted, the health is greatly influenced by our lifestyle, although much determined by external conditions. For example: A young man, a resident of the village, decided to do jogging. It is enough to go into the field, while the townspeople difficult to realize his wish, if not around the stadium or the park. About a healthy lifestyle, diet, work and rest, physical development, hardening, written entire volumes. Sometimes recommendations from various sources directly opposite. Now there are many people who call themselves psychics and traditional healers. They convincingly describe cases assistance in difficult situations, the healing of ailments. There should not be credulous. If these doctors helped one patient, it does not mean that help and more.
Consider the problem of heredity. The genetic basis of their health should consider it to be healthy. American doctors have developed a test "will live up to seventy there?"
Scientists have collected large statistical material and draw conclusions about the impact of some features of lifestyle and heredity on his longevity. It turned out that physical labor and sports add several years of life. Persons who exercise 5 times a week, live 4 years longer; 2 - 3 times a week - for 2 years longer than those who are drawn to the sport occasionally. As you can see, physical training are beneficial to humans.
People brainwork necessary to compensate for limitations of motor activity.
Long sleep (more than 10hours a day) reduces the life of 4 years, compared with 8-hour sleep. This is explained by the decrease of motor activity, impaired circulation.
The test showed: aggressive people tantrums shorten his life, while quiet - prolong it. The difference in life expectancy between these two categories of persons is 6 years. Life expectancy adversely affected by smoking, alcohol, drugs, overweight; positively affects education. Average extend it to a year, and higher education - two. Education develops the intellect and culture that affect the entire organization of human life.
Statistics show that grandparents longevity increases the chances of grandchildren on life expectancy. The sudden death of one of the progenitors of the age of 50 years from vascular or cancer suggests the need prophylaxis of diseases in their offspring. It has become fashionable to draw a family tree of the family. Quite naturally people's interest in their ancestry, to what their ancestors were engaged, participants what historical events they were. It is useful to ask relatives and health. Predisposition to many diseases is inherited. For example: hypertension, diabetes, cancer. Another example: physicians consider alcoholism a disease, warning that the propensity for alcohol can be inherited. However, the implementation of the genetic program depends on a set of conditions, including the lifestyle.
We now turn to the influence of the environment on our health.
Let us first talk about the house, where a person spends a lot of time where he can change things, arranging your life. It is very important to combine the convenience, comfort and healthy living conditions.
In Russia, several climatic zones, and each of them corresponded to traditional dwellings natural conditions. This also applies to most construction, and materials used. In currently used in homes, synthetic and artificial materials. Polished parquet floor vacuuming easier than launder unpainted boards. But varnishes and paints contain toxic substances which evaporates and pollutes the air in the room. This adversely affects our health.
Referring to the opinion of scientists. B.Nebel - author of the book "Environmental Science", noted that indoor air pollutants are formaldehyde, combustion products of incomplete combustion, evaporation of liquid detergents, adhesives, air fresheners and disinfectants, aerosols, pesticides, asbestos, cigarette smoke . We'll talk in more detail about the above-mentioned substances.
Source of formaldehyde is wood struzhennye plates, which are made of furniture. They consist of pieces of wood and sealants formulations. As a binder applied foam - and aminos that release formaldehyde, a substance that causes the allergy.
Over time, the delivery of formaldehyde decreases. Therefore, old furniture greener because it is less air pollution. Unfortunately, the industry continues to produce particleboard, emit formaldehyde.
Speaking about the ecology of the house, we can not ignore the subject of electromagnetic pollution. The most dangerous X-rays. Currently available personal dosimeters, convenient to control the radiation situation in the home and outdoors. To a lesser extent for people dangerous ultraviolet and microwave radiation. Indoor electromagnetic waves radiate: televisions, computers, microwave ovens, cell phones. Preference was given when buying LCDs.
Very loud noises adversely affect the nervous system and can lead to sleep disorders, hearing loss. If the windows are located on the road with a large stream of cars, the sound insulation is required. Our homes are often found poor sound protection, so do not call irritation neighbors, including loud music.
Ecology house - this is the right selection of plants and design, and the relationships that develop between people, it - thoughts and mental state of the individual.
We drew attention to the most dangerous pollutants home. Now go out beyond the flats and houses. What environmental problems can be encountered here? To better navigate the issues of the environment of its location we interviewed their relatives, friends, neighbors, "What environmental problems cause you trouble?"
The most common answers are:
1. Air pollution from industry and transport.
2. Pollution of water bodies.
3. Poor quality of drinking water.
4. Contamination of soil.
5. Reduction of green areas.
6. Poor quality food, low control over food.
7. Noise pollution.
8. Littered areas.
9. Electromagnetic pollution.
10. Increased morbidity due to environmental degradation.
The local newspaper "New time" printed "Ecological herald", where the characteristic of the environmental situation in Gubkin. According to publications in 2012:
-For every resident of our city has to 166kg of emissions per year (in 1993 accounted for 271 kg).
-More than 10 years is monitoring air pollution Gubkin Starooskolskaya independent laboratory. Over the past year of nitrogen dioxide were 95 cases of excess single MPC.
-Of the 14.4 thousand tons emitted into the atmosphere of harmful substances 13tys. tons throws Lebedinskii Gok (licenses allowed to throw 25 thousand. tons.)
According to the draft first-HBI plant emits year 35t. dust, 520T. nitrogen oxides, 282t. carbon oxides. A total of 838t. contaminants.
-The region observed climate change. The average temperature in the coldest time of the year increased by 1.5-2 degrees, and in summer the thermometer above 25 degrees.
-Up to 70% of the emissions accounted for vehicles.
-Water samples in the Belgorod region of 8-10% do not meet standards.
(In the Voronezh region - only 1%).
In Russia, a rapidly growing fleet. Cars became a major pollutant of the urban environment. The exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, hydrocarbons, toxic, heavy metals. Leaded petrol for a long time lead, which led to a lead contamination. Ethylation improved the quality of gasoline. Unleaded gasoline causes less harm to the environment. In many countries, car emissions requirements are more stringent than in Russia. But not only the machine to blame for the growth of pollution. In our country, many CHP fueled by coal. Coal has a high sulfur content. In conjunction with water vapor, SO2, sulphurous acid is formed. Acidification of water contaminates waterways, leaches into the water supply system metals that are harmful effect on the human body.
Acid gets into the respiratory tract and causes various disorders. Thus, in 1952. In London, the acid mist tens of thousands of sick people, 400 died. It was a very terrible lesson. Industrialized countries have reduced SO2 content in the atmosphere. To reduce the emissions of harmful substances into the environment set the maximum permissible concentration in air, soil, water.
The media often report adverse ecological conditions. But not always, these messages are heard, so tell me about them at home, share with your friends. Stop the children, igniting the dry leaves, trash. Need to explain to them that the fire destroys the seeds, insects, burns topsoil, grass roots suffer.
Everyone produces waste, which chokes civilization. In our region annually produces about 3mln.t. waste production and consumption, to 500 thousand of used tires, 150 thousand batteries, 300 thousand pieces of mercury-containing lamps, a huge amount of scrap metal, plastic bottles, construction waste, crop residues, packaging materials.
Before nature absorbed waste products, now its possibilities have been exhausted. If you have to remove any debris from the area, be sure to read the safety rules. And start with the fact that not litter themselves.
In many localities Russian drinking water quality does not meet the standards developed. For its cleaning up of pathogens used chlorination, which kills germs and bacteria. Such water is best not to drink tap water and boil immediately, giving it stand for at least three hours. When boiling water with dissolved chlorine produces toxic compounds.
Often in tap water contains phenols, heavy metals and other impurities. Not by chance, we have to use water-purifying filters. But it is not necessary to follow the rules of their operation, promptly replace the filter. Otherwise, the filter may be discharged into water toxic impurities accumulated therein previously.
Recall that we started a conversation with health problems, but could not address the issue of protection against adverse conditions. Recently had a particularly negative impact on teenage body. Specialists state: reduced life expectancy in our country, increased morbidity and mortality.
Changing fertility and mortality
Children's health in the XXI. depends not only on the lifestyle of the parents, but also on the environmental conditions, which need to improve on a planetary scale. Now we will talk about strategies for survival of mankind.
Why talking about the survival of humanity? In the XX century. scientists persistently talked about the rapid depletion of the planet's resources. Rapidly growing mining, new energy sources, new materials, increased industrial production, while increased pollution and degradation. Scientists predict further growth of the world population, which leads to increased production and consumption of raw materials. By the end of the XX century. appeared positive phenomenon. Over the past 10 years resulted in a decrease energy consumption by 25%. Future - for resource-saving technologies and products, the production and utilization of which do not pollute the environment. For water conservation need: clean up wastewater, reducing the loss of water for industrial purposes. In everyday life, we can also save water. Keep necessary as non-renewable and renewable resources.
Prior to the beginning of agriculture in the world grown for 6.2 billion hectares of forest. Currently 1.5 billion remained ha. And half of the forests had been destroyed in the period from 1950 to 1990. In Europe, there is no primary forest, and in Russia, but they are brutally crushed.
Referring to the statistical summary:
- For the year emits 5 billion. Only one ton of carbon dioxide that contributes to global warming.
- Over the past 10 years on Earth destroyed ¼ of all fertile soils.
- Because human use freon ozone holes are formed. In these holes are ultraviolet rays, on which are formed in humans skin cancers.
- Currently produced in the world in 2465 chemical compounds. Details of them checked for safety of man and the environment, only 31 connection.
- In our country allocated about 300 areas with acute ecological situation. They occupy 16% of the area or 3.7 mln.km. m.
- With petrochemical plants open burning debris into the atmosphere come dioxins. This highly toxic substance affecting the lungs, kidneys, causing miscarriages and the appearance of malformations.
The list goes on and on.
It is time to summarize. Care for the health, can only improve the environment. For serious environmental improvement requires collective efforts, so it is necessary to spread environmental knowledge and correct behavior. But the main thing to love nature and its creations, seek to learn its laws and to act in accordance with them.
According to IV Goethe: "People obey the laws of nature, even when acting against them."
Therefore, for a realization of the need for spiritual survival, intellectual and physical perfection of each of us!
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