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Lesson plans :: Mathematics, physics, electrical engineering, computer science, information technology
International specialization and co
Synopsis lesson in Geography Subject: International specialization and cooperation
1. Secure representation of the laws of the world economy;.
2. Ideate cooperation, NTR and large firms;
3. Develop the ability to make an analysis of the STR on the schematic map and additional sources of information.
Equipment: schematic maps, information from the Internet.
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PROCEDURE
I. Organizing time
II. Repetition of themes.
1. List the stages of development of the world economy;
2. Species geography of the world economy;
3. List what differences exist between the individual territories.
III.Izuchenie new material
1. International economic integration: regional and sectoral groups.
Covering all countries of the world, and the world economy grow MGRT not wide but deep. As a result of the deepening international specialization, a new, higher stage MGRT - international economic integration.
International economic integration - is the process of development is especially deep and enduring relationships of individual groups of countries based on their concerted international policy.
In the second half of the XX century in regional economic integration began to develop integrated regional economic groupings.
Among the most important of these groups include five (Performances by students of a leading jobs data groupings.)
1) The European Union (EU) - in Europe, 15 countries in France. Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Great Britain, Denmark. Ireland, Greece, Spain, Sweden, Finland, Austria (in 1999).
EU is controlled by a number of national authorities. Legislature - the European Parliament, which is selected population of 15 countries, it is in the city of Strasbourg. The EU has its own flag, anthem, single passport.
Formed with the aim of creating a common market for goods in 1957.
EU countries produce a quarter of global GDP, provide a third of world trade. By integrating ekonomicheskoeprostranstvo formed a unity with free movement of goods, capital, services, technology, manpower. From 1 January 1999 the EU introduced a common currency - the euro. Headquarters - in Brussels.
2) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - comprising ten countries in the region: Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia (1999).
Association formed in 1967 by five countries.
Objectives of ASEAN - the proclamation of accelerated economic growth and social progress and cultural development of the countries members of the association.
ASEAN GDP - $ 500 billion; turnover - $ 600 billion.
Headquartered in Bangkok and Jakarta with a population of 400 million people.
3) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), which includes 21 countries, including Russia in 1997.
APEC was established in 1989 on the initiative of Australia. At first it consisted of 12 states, but in 1998 they became 21.
The structure of the organization includes countries with very different levels of socio-economic development: from the U.S. to Papua New Guinea.
APEC fora are ten permanent working groups on trade and investment, industry, science and technology; use of human resources; Cooperation in the field of protection of marine resources and fisheries; Tourism and others
4) The North American Free Trade Association (NAFTA), which includes the 1988 U.S. and Canada, and since 1992 - the United States, Canada, Mexico.
Unlike the EU in this organization has no supranational bodies, and total GDP (7.5 trillion dollars), and the total population (400 million people), it is superior to the EU.
Overall GDP of the three countries, the U.S. accounts for 86%, whereas in Canada - 9%, and Mexico - 5%.
Targeting the Mexican labor force led to the fact that all along the "transparent" U.S. and Mexican border (3400 km length) formed the "dual city", which housed more than '150 enterprises export orientation (so-called "makiladores"), which employed 300 thousand Mexican workers.
5) Latin American Integration Association (LAI) in Latin America.
Brings together 11 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Chile, Ecuador.
The main goal - the creation of a "common market" countries-members of the association.
Sectoral economic groupings lot. The most important of them - the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which unites 11 countries including the Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, UAE, Iran), Africa (Algeria, Libya, Nigeria, Gabon), Latin America (Venezuela) and Southeast Asia (Indonesia).
The organization was founded in 1960. For each of the countries established quite certain quotas and production dimensions.
2. Internationalization of economic life: multinationals.
The process of development of the world economy and deepening MGRT entails increased internationalization of economic life. Decisive role in this process is played by transnational corporations.
Transnational corporations (TNCs) - an international company (group of companies), in which numerous companies are combined with one or more branches of the world economy, located in different countries.
The total number of TNCs in the mid-1990s reached 40 thousand, while the number of foreign affiliates - 250 thousand, but "make the weather" 400-500 corporations-multibillionaires, which accounted for more than one third of world industrial production and world trade, 4/5 of all patents on new techniques and technology, but the main means TNC expansion remains financial activities related to the export of capital.
At the end of XX century capital turnover of each of the world's ten largest monopolies of over 100 billion dollars, "Mitsubishi", "Mitsui", "Hitachi", "Sumitomo", "IBI-Em", "Toyota" - Japan; "General Motors", "Ford", "Exxon" - USA; "Royal Dutch-Shell" - Netherlands-England.
^ - Notes to the teacher: the 11 largest German monopolies, "Volkswagen", "Siemens", "Daimler-Benz", "Hoechst", "Bayer", BASF (Vazt) 'Tis September "," Mannesmann ", AEG, "Krupp", "Bosch".
Academician NN Moiseev calls modern world economy "TNK world."
Example 1. "General Motors" - a corporation with an annual sum of $ 130 billion profit that exceeds the GDP of Ukraine and the Czech Republic; 258 factories employed 750 thousand people in America and Europe.
Example 2. Petroleum Corporation "Eseon" operates in 100 countries.
Vyvod.TNK using differences in national laws, committed workarounds where it was impossible to achieve their goals in the open: it disguised under the branches of multinational enterprises, that it was possible to evade responsibility and thus to feel very confident.
IV. Securing the learned material.
Creative Activity: each group to find the largest monopoly (China, Japan, USA, Germany, Great Britain, Russia.
plan:
1. Name of the corporation
2. Centers Corporation
3. Specialty
4. Development History
5. External economic relations.
homework
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