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Lesson plans :: Materials Science, Technical Mechanics, Engineering Graphics, Natural and synthetic gases
Definition of fibrous tissue on the composition and appointment
explanatory note
Methodical development lesson academic discipline "Fundamentals of Materials" on the "Definition of fabrics fiber composition and purpose," is designed to teach the lesson in groups to prepare "tailor". Lesson binary.
When the lesson used teaching methodology, action-oriented, - methods of teaching tasks, which allows us to develop independence, tolerance, ability to work in groups. Build knowledge on technology fiber composition determining tissue analytical skills.
In methodical development presents: the title page, an explanatory note, a lesson plan, a list of references.
Use of the material in the classroom, teaching ability allows to control the quality of the operations, contributes to the development of attention, memory, thinking, imagination.
This methodical development is recommended for teaching teachers of theoretical training NGOs and the ACT.
Lesson Focus:
Definition of fibrous tissue on the composition and appointment
Lesson Objectives:
1. Systematise the knowledge of students about the origins of tissue fibers;
2. Learn to recognize the tissue composition of the fiber;
3. Shows the relationship between appointments clothing and fabrics from which it is made.
The educational goal of the lesson:
1. Parenting accuracy, frugality;
2. Manufacture of products from environmentally friendly material in order to create a favorable microclimate around the human body;
3. Instill love for their land.
The motto of the lesson: "Tell me and I forget,
Show me and I remember,
Involve me and I learn! "
Confucius
Material equipment lesson: Scheme "textile fibers"
Collection of images of fibers: cotton, silk, nylon, nitrone, chlorine.
Handout - per student for 2-3 tissue sample: report form.
Alcohol lamp flame retardant dishes, pipettes, matches.
Interdisciplinary link:
1. Chemistry (Organic Chemistry)
2. Biology (the origin of natural fibers)
3. Technology (making)
4. Commodity (textiles)
5. Environmental (anthropogenic factors, abiotic factors)
Type of lesson: Combined
Methodical approach: problem - search.
1. Organizing moment: the willingness of students to the lesson, note missing.
2. Posted cognitive knowledge.
Today we have an unusual, integrated lesson with students of Group 13, a master teacher and software.
Theme of our lesson: Definition fibrous tissue on the composition and purpose.
Purpose: To learn to recognize fibrous tissue composition and show the relationship between the purpose of clothing and fabrics from which it is made.
Created by carding - spinning machine for wool
A bit of history. The most common kind of textile products is the fabric. Cloth called textiles obtained interwoven 2 systems of threads: "The warp and weft." Textile industry in pre-revolutionary Russia was not provided its own raw materials, textile machines, dyes, and, most textile factories worked on imported raw materials and machines for foreign firms. Companies placed irrationally, mainly in the central industrial, North - West and Western regions. In the development of the textile industry and science played a major role Russian scholars.
Now the textile industry are fully secured raw materials, chemicals and dyes. Renovated and expanded previously existing enterprises, introduced advanced technology changed the geographical distribution of the textile industry and its enterprises have been built and continue to be built in different parts of the country.
But portages animal origin and include silk. It has long been making clothes for people to use natural fiber derived from the tissues of silkworm larvae. Did you know that over a lifetime silkworm gives only about 1 gram of silk thread?
Before you fiber samples box number 2 - silk
Question to students:
1. What do you know about natural silk?
2. Which areas of the development of sericulture?
3. Which fabrics and articles made of silk?
We met with the fibers of animal origin.
In the store, you may need not only pure wool fabric, but clean cotton cloth, not vegetable fibers. Let the example of cotton fiber determine its composition.
Before you boll cotton fiber samples.
Question students:
1. Tell us what you know about cotton?
2. Where it grows, cotton types, primary processing of cotton?
3. Which fabrics made from cotton?
4. Which products or sew made from cotton? (showing tissue samples c / b)
Lab.
We all remember all about cotton, where it grows, what types, primary processing, which products made from it. This summer range clothing - dress, blouses, tunics, children's underwear. Clothing around the human body creates a specific microclimate, so great importance: whether the cloth is only cotton or admixture with other chemical fibers. After all, the actions of these fibers can be negative - skin irritation, allergies, itching, etc.
You said that cotton is grown in Central Asia, Azerbaijan, etc., and you know that tried to grow cotton and Al-Gaya on the training fields of our schools. Here is a box with a student's field grown hands of your peers. Now you stick to the plan, which is on your table, perform laboratory work to determine the fiber composition of fabric, you have to prove that this fabric chistohlopkovaya.
Please proceed to the test, the results are written in the form of a report. Upon completion of the work, what conclusion can you make?
In our country and abroad know the names of the characters - Evdokia and Maria Vinogradov and their numerous followers, such as weavers from Tashkent Dilbar Kulmatova, received an award named Evdokia and Maria Vinogradov. Fabric, which makes Uzbek weaver named after her. Labor and social. Dilbar activity is an example for young people.
And so the purpose of the lesson: to consolidate students' knowledge about the origin of fibers and fabrics taught to recognize fibrous tissue composition.
To solve the decree before us the goal, we hear a tape recording:
"Hello, dear colleagues and students!"
Imagine this situation. You come into the store to buy fabric for a suit, you need a pure wool fabric by looking at a range of fabrics which lies on the counter, you like one of the proposed seller. But you doubted the origin of the tissue. Is this natural fabric? How to determine the composition of the fibrous tissue? "
You listened to the situation, to answer this question in class today we should determine the composition of tissues and organoleptic laboratory method. For successful operation will help us plan, which you see on the board.
plan:
1. Determination of fiber composition of woolen fabrics:
a) Communication of information about wool.
b) determination of wool organoleptically.
c) laboratory work.
2. Determination of fiber composition of cotton fabrics:
a) disclosure of information about cotton.
b) determination of cotton organoleptically.
c) laboratory work.
3. Determination of fiber composition of synthetic fabrics:
a) information about the cognitive message synthetic fibers and fabrics;
b) laboratory work.
1 issue plan, we must determine the fiber composition of wool. For this, we recall that the fabric is produced from yarn obtained from the spinning of fibers. But the fibers themselves are classified as fibers, vegetable and animal origin. Work with the scheme "Classification fibers"
Tell us everything you know about the hair?
· What is called the hair?
· In which republics engaged in sheep?
· What happens wool depending on the breed of sheep?
· What fabrics made of wool?
· What made wool sweaters?
You have boxes on the tables with the fibers note wool fibers numbered
Lab number 2
All data on the wool we are remembered. We now turn to the test methods tissues. Under the test methods of fabric understand sewers primarily knowing how to determine the fiber composition of tissues. The main factor determining the difference in appearance, properties, composition is a fibrous tissue. We know two ways of defining, organoleptic and laboratory. Give a description of these methods. In a situation was a question. How to determine the composition of the fibrous tissue?
Now we are going to answer this question by testing, organoleptic and laboratory. For successful operation will help you plan that lies ahead of you on the table.
PLAN / organoleptic method
Examined tissue samples, pay attention to them, shine, color.
Creases - to collect tissue folds and strongly clenched, after 30 seconds release and smooth hand. Note character formed pleats.
Durability - with a needle to pull the fabric yarns and explore wet-thread and break. Note yarn breakage.
Lab.
Observe the nature of combustion investigated filaments.
Investigate the effect on the fabric of acids and alkali.
You lay on the tables numbered envelopes with samples. Take the envelope number 1 and are working to determine the fiber composition of tissue organoleptically. Get to work on the plan. Students work with samples.
Question: Examining the fabric on shine, strength, crumpling what you can deduce?
Answer: By the nature of brilliance, strength, creasing, we can conclude that it is pure wool fabric. But this is not enough to be sure of the correctness, because the fabric on the fiber composition may be uniform, ie with some man-made fibers. Define - what a homogeneous tissue, give an example? What uniform, give an example?
For an accurate determination of the fiber composition of tissue and there is a laboratory method. Answer a question that sounded - how to determine the composition of the fibrous tissue?
Getting Started we should definitely remember safety requirement during operation:
Maintain order on the desktop.
Be careful and disciplined, carefully follow all instructions of the teacher.
Place the apparatus on a workplace so as to prevent them from falling.
Working with acids and alkalis, avoid them to the hands, eyes.
In case of contact necessary to rinse with cold water.
Results of your work, store in the form of the report, which have each of you on the table. Do not forget that you must carefully and accurately with the property. You must remember that the ability to determine the nature of raw tissue, ie its fibrous structure you need to follow up with a cloth at all stages of the manufacture of clothing.
Get to work.
Finished a study to determine the fiber composition of tissue, what conclusion can you make?
How can you answer the questions raised in the situation? / How to determine the composition of the fibrous tissue? / Start recording. /
CONCLUSION: Defining the laboratory method, the nature of combustion, by the action of acids and bases, we can conclude that this tissue by fibrous composition is homogeneous, ie pure wool.
This we define the laboratory method in the classroom, at home. So what advice, more detailed, specific, we can give to others: thus, without defining the composition of the fibrous tissue on the store, you can ask the seller a thread and come home and check for burning behavior.
Be sure that it is pure wool fabric.
Consolidate the material
CONCLUSION: The nature of combustion and acids, we can conclude that this natural fabric, pure cotton and proved this laboratory method.
Fastening material / wheel survey /.
But we know that to the fibers of plant origin include flax. / Fiber sample in a box /. Questions for students:
· What do you know about flax?
· Where to grow flax?
· What are the bast fibers are called and their length?
·-What fabrics produced from flax? -
· What products are made from flax?
Post new knowledge
We met with fabrics from natural fibers, fabrics, vegetable and animal origin / wool, silk /. Now we look at the origin of chemical fabrics, synthetic fabrics for example.
Teacher calls and shows samples of synthetic fabrics nylon, nylon, etc. kriplin
Students consider these tissues.
Synthetic fabrics obtained from synthetic fibers. Synthetic fibers - it
· Macromolecular substances unnatural polymers, are prepared by synthesis
· Of the monomers. The molecules of these substances are very large and their structure can be
expressed scheme:
With OH OH
O and-S-CH-CH-and-C-AND-
CH-C
p p p
Synthetic fiber - is nylon, Vinola, chlorine, polyester / samples in boxes /. Synthetic fibers are produced in factories synthetic fibers, such as in the cities of the Volga, Balakovo, Saratov.
The process for producing a synthetic fiber and production of fabrics is very complicated. In shops heated spinning viscous resin with numerous tanks and using a spinneret with multiple holes under pressure is extruded in the form of a resin thin fabrics. Chilled air jet solidifies forming fiber. The rate of formation of fibers is very large - 1000 m / min. This fiber is a tape.
In order to consolidate your attention a crossword (on the banner)
Across: 1. What method can determine the composition of the fibrous tissue (organoleptic)
Vertical 2. Which tissue characteristic signs of burning - melts, forming resin (nylon). 3. Most common type of textile goods (cloth). 4. What fabric is used for the isolation of gas pipes (gimbal). 5. Name the tissue of animal origin (wool). 6. Which fabric called "Russian gold" (flax).
Homework: Make a collection of fabrics of natural and man-made fibers, in the form of landscape, still life or portraits. Estimates for the lesson commentary.
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